Canine and Feline Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease of dogs and cats. Diabetes is caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin.

Consequences of insulin deficiency

• Glucose cannot be transported from the bloodstream into the cells
• Extracellular hyperglycaemia and intracellular hypoglycaemia results - (diabetic patients are always hungry)
• The renal threshold for glucose is exceeded causing osmotic diuresis (polyuria and polydipsia are seen)

For more details see glucose metabolism and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.

Managing canine and feline diabetes

Canine and feline diabetes can be managed successfully and easily with correct diagnosis and treatment, which includes insulin therapy.

Pet owners play a crucial role in the successful management of diabetes mellitus in their pets. Client education and good communication between veterinary surgeon and the pet owner is vital. Intervet has produced a comprehensive set of support materials for owners.

Prognosis

The prognosis for canine or feline diabetes is good provided that it is diagnosed early and treated adequately. Most forms of the disease can be treated successfully with insulin injections accompanied by dietary and lifestyle adjustments.